Biology Simulator Assignment free essay sample

In vial one, a wild type hyper female Drosophila and wild type mellow male Drosophila were crossed respectively to determine the dominant behavioural phenotype. The first reciprocal cross was then carried out in vial two to define whether or not the behavioural phenotype is x-linked recessive. According to the results obtained from vial one, when the wild type hyper female and wild type mellow male was crossed, the resulting offspring’s phenotypes were all wild type hyper. This cross shows that the hyper behavioral phenotype can be considered dominant in comparison to mellow. In the reciprocal cross, the behavioural phenotypes were isolated from one another while the wing veins were kept constant (in this case both wild type). When the wild type mellow female Drosophila and wild type hyper male Drosophila were crossed, all female offspring obtained a similar phenotype to that of the male parental while all the male offspring had phenotypical combinations similar to that of the female parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Simulator Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This set of results shows that the mellow behavioral phenotype is a recessive x-linked gene carried by the female because the resulting male offspring showed the same characteristics to that of the female parent (received X – chromosome from female parent). On an additional note, there was a higher frequency of females in comparison to men; 121 and 105 respectively. In addition, the behavioral gene is sex -linked also because of the different resulting phenotypical ratio in comparison to the cross carried out in vial one. Another cross was carried out in vial three to determine the dominant wing vein phenotype. A wild type hyper female and veinless hyper male were crossed and as a result, all male offspring consisted phenotypical characteristics similar to that of the female parent while the female offspring had the same characteristics to that of the male parent. The results from this cross are somewhat similar to that of the reciprocal cross carried out in vial one. All male offspring had features exactly alike to that of the female parent, thus showing that wild type gene is x-linked recessive as all male offspring were wild type and hyper. It is also important to note that in this cross, a higher population of males existed than females (112 hyper wild type and 104 veinless hyper respectively). The second reciprocal cross was carried out in vial four directly after the above cross. This cross displayed a concise picture of which behavioral and wing vein phenotypes were dominant. Unlike the cross the done above, this time, a veinless hyper female and wild type hyper male were crossed and the resulting male and female offspring were all veinless hyper. Thus, proving veinless and hyper behaviour are the respective dominant phenotypes among the female and male Drosophila. Another cross was carried out to derive the first filial generation in which a veinless hyper female was crossed with a wild type mellow male and as a result, the offspring were all veinless hyper (a total of 214 offspring) which can be seen on the cross – record sheet under vial seven. A second filial generation was derived from a veinless hyper female and male Drosophila were crossed to distinguish a gene linkage relationship among the two phenotypes. Due to the genes being sex-linked, specifically x-linked recessive, the typical 9:3:3:1 ratio cannot be expected. However, a chi-squared test was carried out to determine how ‘’off’ our values were from the expected critical value of 7. 815 (obtained at a p-value of 0. 05) since such a ratio was not expected. A chi value of 31. 1 was achieved which is greater than the critical value. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected because the genes are linked which means that they are located very closely together on corresponding chromosomes. However, hypothetically, if a 9:3:3:1 ratio had been expected and if the chi value had been less than the critical value, than the null hypothesis would have been accepted as this indicates that the genes are not linked and are independently assorted (less cross overs /variation).

Chinese Novellas The Role of Memory and Perception

My Old Home by Lu Xun â€Å"As I remembered it, it was nothing like this; it was a much better place. But when I tried to recall or articulate its beauty, I discovered I held no mental image of it – no words to describe it. Maybe it had always been like this, I told myself. Even though time had been kind to it, it was surely not as bleak as it now struck me. It was I who had changed, I reasoned; grown melancholy (Xun 70).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese Novellas: The Role of Memory and Perception specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The passage is uttered by person who comes back to the house of his parents. Judging from the plot, the readers can deduce that the protagonist has not been in this place for a long time, and he expects to see the images that are extremely dear to him. However, his expectations are bitterly disappointed. The main character cannot understand whether he has become too melanc holy or his home has become so bleak (Xun 70). It is possible to argue that Lu Xun attempts to show how individual can create artificial memories in order to shield themselves from traumatic experiences and create a different version of the past. Overall, in this short story, the author attempts to emphasize the inaccuracy of memory and perception. The descriptions provided by the writer show that an individual can convince oneself of something and this idea can become engraved in his/her memory. This is one of the points that can be made. Such experiences are familiar to the narrator. Nevertheless, this person can easily become disillusioned. This phenomenon is depicted in the selected passage. The story-teller attempts to discover the mental images of his home in order to recollect the beauty and the joy of his childhood years (Xun 70). Nevertheless, his memory fails him because he can find nothing that may confirm his convictions about the past. This is the moment when he begins to re-evaluate his perception of the past. One should take into consideration that Lu Xun relies on the literary technique that is very popular among writers. In particular, he adopts such a method as stream of consciousness when the narrator combines his/her memories of the past with present-day experiences (Middleton Woods 12). This is one of the details that attract attention of the readers, and one can say that it is important for understanding the passage and the short story, in general.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lu Tun describes a situation that can be encountered by many individuals. The moments of disillusionment can be experienced by people who earn to see somebody or something that was once extremely dear to them. Moreover, this disillusionment can make a person re-evaluate his/her attitude toward other people. For example, the protagonist has to accept t hat his childhood friends can be actually hostile to him. So, this transformation can inflict an emotional trauma on a person. Thus, the main focus of his novella is the inaccuracy of human perception, especially at those moments when an individual wants to construct a comforting version of the past (Xun 70). The chosen passage highlights the conflicting emotions of a man who has to reconcile his/her memories with reality. This is the main aspects that should be considered by the readers of this short story. In this way, one can better understand the ideas of the writer. When I was in Xia Village by Ding Ling â€Å"Somehow I had to find a way to survive, and if at all possible, to live a life that was meaningful. That’s why I am pleased that they intend to treat my disease. It will be better to be cured. Actually, these past few days I haven’t felt too bad† (Ling 308). These utterances are made by Zhenzhen, a woman who was once captured by the Japanese soldiers. Furthermore, she was raped by the invaders, but many people believed that she was a person without shame or honor. More importantly, the residents of the village did not know that she became a spy for China. It should be taken into consideration that the political and military rivalry between Japan and China has always been intense (Faure 16). In turn, any form of cooperation with Japanese soldiers could be viewed as treason and women like Zhenzhen were often turned into outcasts. The main tragedy is that Zhenzhen did not deserve the suspicions and the contempt of others. Overall, it is possible to argue that in this short story Ding Ling also focuses on the peculiarities of people’s perception of the world and the differences in their worldviews. Furthermore, the role of memory is also important for Ding Ling. The writer shows that the memories of an individual can be artificially constructed by others. This is the main differences between these short stories.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese Novellas: The Role of Memory and Perception specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Zhenzhen cannot be blamed for her misfortunes, and she definitely deserves the compassion of others. Nevertheless, other women living in the village do not feel any empathy for her. In fact, they continuously emphasize Zhenzhen’s impurity. This is one of the things that torment her. The passage under analysis is supposed to describe the emotions of this girl and her willingness to escape the hidden accusations of others. Moreover, she has even convinced herself that she has some disease. This is the main tragedy of this person. She wants to find a meaning in her life. There are several differences between these passages as well as novellas. Lu Xun depicts the feelings of a person who has to confront reality and reconcile this reality with his memories of the past. In turn, Ding Ling portrays the sufferi ngs of a woman whose worldviews are shaped by her sense of shame and guilt inflicted by others. The most important point is that she did not do anything to deserve the accusations of others. One can argue that Lu Xun and Ding Ling take different approaches to memory, but despite these differences, each of these novellas is equally interesting. Works Cited Faure, Guy. New Dynamics Between China and Japan in Asia: How to Build the  Future from the Past?, New York: World Scientific, 2010. Print. Ling, Ding. I myself am a woman: selected writings of Ding Ling, Boston: Beacon Press, 1989. Print. Middleton, Peter and Woods, Tim. Literature of Memory: History, Time and Space in  Post-War Writing, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Xun, Lu. The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of  Lu Xun, London: Penguin Classics, 2010. Print. This essay on Chinese Novellas: The Role of Memory and Perception was written and submitted by user Brady Morton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Night is For Hunting essays

The Night is For Hunting essays "The Night is for Hunting" is the sixth book in a series of seven written by John Marsden. "The Night is for Hunting is about a group of five kids in their late teens that have to try to survive on their own in the harsh conditions while another foreign country is taking over Australia. The teenagers have to battle the difficulties and challenges that this problem brings, like trying to stay alive, finding food, finding a safe place to take cover and while doing all this they also have to hold their friendship together. This book is in point of view of Ellie, one the teenagers, which i think gives it very good effect and makes it more exciting. In this novel it was a year since the foreign country had attacked Australia and taken it over and some old teenagers that had escaped being caught or killed a number of times in this war found a bunch of younger childeren that were being captured by the opposing country and the teenagers risked their lives to save the children and took care of them through out the book. At first the children didn't like the teenagers but then their respect grew for them through out the book. I thought this was a very exciting book with an interesting plot and the characters all had an unique personality which I thought helped bring the book into a more real life perspective. One of the main themes of this novel is that friendship is one of the most important things to have. In the book the friendship between the teenagers is so strong each of them would risk their own lives to save their friends and having such good friends through the terrible war is one of the only things that keep them sane. This friendship shows in the part when Ellie decides to go roaring into a house full of enemies with a motorbike to save her friend Homer even though she had the chance to run and now has a very low chance of survival. This shows ...

Marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Marketing research - Essay Example e noted that BMW operate in a highly competitive environment made of various players, but it mainly concentrates in the high-end and luxury automobile market. Its most fierce competitor in the European market is Mercedes-Benz brand, which also specialise in high-end and luxury automobile products. Equally, the customer base of BMW mainly consists of the high-income earners. The above image illustrates the buyer decision process that BMW customers undergo. In the first phase of the process, the buyers acknowledge they need a car. Secondly, the sought for information on cars that are available within their price range. Thirdly, the buyers evaluate the different brands of cars that he or she can afford. Fourthly, after choosing the best alternative the buyer, makes the purchase and in the last phase of the process, the buyer evaluates if his option was correct or wrong and whether he needs to make changes on the car or buy another one. According to the studies conducted by Ansoff (1957), an organisation such as BMW has four viable options as presented in the image below, these options include penetrating deep into the market, product or market diversification, development of the new product and development of new markets. In regards to the Ansoff’s matrix, it is recommended that BMW should diversify its range of products to include low budget vehicles that are of high quality. By pursuing this strategy, BMW will be exploiting a new market segment, which will enable it to increase its market share as well as sales, and thereby, wade off competition from the likes of Mercedes-Benz. Currently, it can be noted that the key market segment for BMW brands is the high-end and luxury market, which only comprise of wealthy individuals or high-income earners. However, from the strategic option chosen above, BMW will now also target low-income earners because they are in need of quality vehicles and the only option they currently have is second-hand vehicles and low quality

The future of natural medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

The future of natural medicine - Essay Example The future of heÐ °lth cÐ °re Ð °nd medicine cÐ °n not be predicted, but it will certÐ °inly be developing into Ð °n InformÐ °tion Ð °ge, evolving in itself. PÐ °rticulÐ °rly, the medicÐ °l services will be delivered through the Internet Ð °nd other innovÐ °tive meÐ °ns of communicÐ °tion providing quÐ °lity Ð °nd cÐ °re whenever Ð °nd wherever needed. In the following pÐ °per I will discuss the future of nÐ °turÐ °l medicine emphÐ °sis on e-medicÐ °l services. I will Ð °lso tÐ °lk Ð °bout conventionÐ °l medicine Ð °nd its plÐ °ce in the future of heÐ °lth cÐ °re. E-medicine refers to the use of telecommunicÐ °tion thÐ °t provides medicÐ °l informÐ °tion Ð °nd services. It mÐ °y be Ð °s simple Ð °s two heÐ °lth professionÐ °ls discussing Ð ° cÐ °se over the telephone, or Ð °s sophisticÐ °ted Ð °s using sÐ °tellite technology to broÐ °dcÐ °st Ð ° consultÐ °tion between providers Ð °t two distÐ °nt locÐ °tions, using videoconferencing equipment.† (Gustke et Ð °l., 20000) The simplest definition of E-Medicine is thÐ °t it uses multimediÐ ° technology (voice, video Ð °nd dÐ °tÐ °) to deliver medicÐ °l services. The lower cost of bÐ °nd- width Ð °nd improvement in video Ð °nd dÐ °tÐ ° compression stÐ °ndÐ °rds hÐ °ve increÐ °sed the number Ð °nd types of medicÐ °l services thÐ °t cÐ °n be delivered from Ð ° distÐ °nce to include virtuÐ °lly every speciÐ °lty. E-Medicine is Ð °n Ð °pplicÐ °tion Ð °nd not Ð ° technology. It uses Ð ° hybrid technology incorporÐ °ting elements of television, telecommunicÐ °tion, computers, engineering Ð °nd medicine. Services cÐ °n be delivered on Ð ° combinÐ °tion of technologies with Ð ° vÐ °riety of equipment. The objective of E-medicine â€Å"is not Ð °n evolutionÐ °ry concept but Ð ° revolutionÐ °ry concept Ð °nd Ð °t the heÐ °rt of every revolution, there is the need for Ð ° sudden mÐ °ssive chÐ °nge, Ð °t the core of which is the humÐ °n mind.† (Merrell, 2004). E-medicine in the future will bring mÐ °ny benefits to

Price Competition Versus Non Price Competition Economics Essay

Price Competition Versus Non Price Competition Economics Essay When there is competition in firms on the basis of change in price, it is known as price competition. Price competition can involve discounting the price of a product (or range of products) to increase its demand. Various forms of market indulge in price wars in order to earn a large market share and a profit margin. As price of a product increases or decreases, it leads to fluctuations in the demand of the product of particular firms. So all the firms always keep a watch on the market forces of demand and supply, the derived equilibrium price, competition etc. in order to skim the market. Non price competition When there is competition in firms on the basis of factors other than price such as advertising, sales promotion, product differentiation, branding etc., it is known as non-price competition. Price competition vs. non-price competition Price Competition Non Price Competition Competition between the firms based on price where one firm tries to beat or match the price of the other. Firm tries to be the lowest cost giver for the product in the market. The firm must have the vision to respond to the strategy of other firm very quickly. High cross price elasticity must see more of price competition. Here the firms compete with each other with the strong factors like product differentiation, quality of the product etc. The firm tries to build consumer loyalty so that it can sell its product to the maximum number of consumers and increase its market share. They promote awareness in the consumer for the differentiation of their product. High own price elasticity must see more non price competition. Effect of price on Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied An increase in price has an inverse relationship with the quantity demanded and a positive relationship with the quantity supplied i.e. an increase in price decreased the demand and increases the quantity supplied and vice versa. Determination of Equilibrium price The market forces of demand and supply determine the equilibrium price. This equilibrium price becomes the basis for firms in perfect or imperfect competition to charge a price for their product. Thus the firms make a cost minimising production function Figure 2: Equilibrium price: Supply and Demand forces Supply_curve_shift In the figure, equilibrium price is p0 and equilibrium quantity is QO i.e. when quantity demanded is equal to quantity supplied equilibrium is achieved. These points only show the equilibrium state but do not show the response of the change of quantity demanded and supplied with respect to price. Here comes the importance of elasticity of demand and supply. ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT MARKET SITUATIONS WHICH GIVE RISE TO PRICE AND NON-PRICE COMPETITION Elasticity and price and non-price competition play a vital role in determining various forms of market structure, their price, demand and supply, total revenue, shape of the demand curve etc. the market structure can be delineated as follows: MARKET Market Structure Imperfect competition Monopoly Perfect Competition Monopolistic Oligopoly Market is not merely a geographical expression but it can be any place where buyers and sellers are in regular contact and they have a perfect knowledge of price. BASIC FEATURES OF MARKET Very large number of buyers and sellers exist in a market. Both homogeneous as well as heterogeneous products are available in a market. Free mobility (movement) of and services goods in a market area. Firms are free to enter and exit. FORMS OF MARKET Perfect competition Monopoly Monopolistic Oligopoly PERFECT COMPETITION Perfect competition is a market situation where large number of buyers and sellers exist. In this market, firm is a price taker whereas Industry is the price maker. FEATURES OF PERFECT COMPETITION Large number of sellers and buyers exist in perfect competition. Homogeneous products are sold in this market where the price may increase or decrease but for the whole industry otherwise it will be a given price. In this market, price remains uniform for two reasons Homogeneous products Perfect competition Firms are free to enter and exit. Price = average revenue = marginal revenue because of price uniformity. Price has no role to play due to homogeneous goods. Price remains uniform but not constant. Example stock market. Non-price competition is not possible as the products are homogeneous, advertising, promotion and branding help the firms to differentiate and create niche in the market. D S P=AR=MR=D S D INDUSTRY FIRM Figure 1.1-Price determination under perfect competition MONOPOLY MARKET It is a market situation where a single seller exists with a large number of buyers and no close substitute is available of monopoly product. FEATURES OF MONOPOLY MARKET Single seller exists in monopoly market with large number of buyers. Close substitutes are not available of the monopoly products as it may work as an obstacle for the growth of the monopoly product. Entry of new firm is very difficult in monopoly market. The existing monopoly power will take all legal as well as illegal concepts to stop the entry of new firms. Price discrimination is one of the most striking features of a monopoly market. It may be defined as charging different price from different customers for the same product on the basis of segments of consumer, quantity to be purchased and degrees of elasticity of demand. Selling cost or cost of advertisement is negligible. Demand curve facing a monopoly firm is downward sloping but less elastic and MR is always less than AR. PRICE MR AR=D QUANTITY Figure 1.2-Demand curve under monopoly market Price leadership is present in monopoly as the firm can charge a high price and take the advantage of being a sole seller but they can charge a reasonable price because it helps in long run growth. In the long run, new firms may enter the market and the existing firms market share may fluctuate. So in their own interest monopoly firm charge a reasonable price. MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION It is a market situation where elements of both monopoly as well as competition coexist together and differentiated products are sold in the market. FEATURES OF MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MARKET Very large number of buyers and sellers exist. This is a virtual market which exists in reality. Differentiated or heterogeneous products are available in this market. Each seller is selling different products from others creating a monopolist tendency. In this market, price always remains in a very close range as the commodities are perfect substitutes of each other. The demand curve facing the monopolistic competition market is again downward sloping but more elastic. In this market MR curve is always less than AR i.e. the additional revenue earned is always less than the average revenue. Firms are free to enter and exit. Price competition is there in monopolistic competition market. Because of the availability of close substitutes, a change in price of one product affects the demand of other product. Price AR=D MR Quantity Figure 1.3-Demand curve under monopolistic competition Non-price competition under this form of market is possible due to availability of close substitutes of the product. The firm in order to attract more customers and retain them would compete with each other on the basis of non-price factors on promotional front i.e. advertisement etc. However, the elements of price competition are also present in this form of market but the price always keeps in a very close range. Example, Once Coke increased its price from Rs.20 to Rs.22 in order to compete with Pepsi. OLIGOPOLY MARKET It is a market situation where few sellers exist with large number of buyers and both homogeneous as well as heterogeneous products are available. There is intense competition among them as far as price and output policy is concerned. FEATURES OF OLIGOPOLY MARKET The number of sellers are more than 2 and less than or equal to 10. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous products are sold. Both collusive as well as non-collusive form of oligopoly market exists. The demand curve in oligopoly market is very difficult to determine (Indeterminate demand curve). There is non-price competition in collusive oligopoly and price competition in non-collusive oligopoly. The demand of other firms is determined by the price variation of any of the existing firms. Until and unless the rivals reaction is not known when there is a change in price, the demand curve cannot be determined. Lets discuss the concept of elasticity so that we can know about the different degrees of elasticity in various forms of market. ELASTICITY Elasticity is the degree of responsiveness for a commodity to a change in its price. Elasticity measures the sensitivity of one variable to another. When a consumer is giving response to the price change he is more elastic whereas if a consumer is not giving response to the price change, he is less elastic. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELASTICITY Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of Supply Income elasticity of Demand Cross Elasticity MEASUREMENT Elasticity can be measured by following three methods Proportion method/percentage method Geometric method/point elasticity method Expenditure or total outlay method Terminology of elasticity Term Numerical measure of elasticity Verbal Description Price elasticity of demand(supply) Perfectly or completely inelastic Zero Quantity Dd(supplied) does not changes as price changes Inelastic Greater than zero, less than one Quantity Dd(supplied) changes by a smaller % as does price Unit Elasticity One Quantity Dd(supplied) changes by exactly the same % as does price Elastic Greater than one, but less than infinity Quantity Dd(supplied) changes by a larger % as does price Perfectly, completely, or infinitely elastic Infinity Purchasers(sellers) are prepared to buy(sell) all they can at some price and none at all at an even higher(lower) price. Income Elasticity of Demand Inferior good Negative Qty dd decreases as income increases Normal good Positive Qty dd increases as income increases Income-inelastic Less than one Less than in proportion to income increase Income-elastic Greater than one More than in proportion to income increase Cross Elasticity of Demand Substitute Positive Qd of some good and price of a substitute are positively related Complement Negative Qd of some good and price of a complement are negatively related COMPARISON OF MARKETS ON THE BASIS OF ELASTICITY Market forms Price elasticity of demand Perfect competition The demand in perfect competition is perfectly elastic which means with or without change in price, quantity demanded may increase or decreases to any extent. Monopoly The demand in monopoly market is less elastic. A change in price will not affect the demand by much. As there is only single seller in monopoly market, buyers do not have much options in front of them therefore the demand is less elastic. Monopolistic The demand is more elastic in monopolistic competition. It simply means that as soon as there is a change in price, there will be a greater change in quantity demanded. The demand curve facing a monopolistic competition is downward sloping but MORE ELASTIC. Oligopoly In oligopoly market, the demand curve can be both more elastic and less elastic depending upon the rivals reaction to change in price. CONCLUSION In current market scenario, most firms compete on the basis of non-price competition. Though there are some discrepancies in the prices charged by different firms, firms most often prefer and follow non-price competition because it leads to consumer welfare as well as firms profit in long run. PART II I visited Reliance Fresh (a departmental store) in order to conduct a research on floor cleaning detergents. As I entered the store I observed that on the left hand side there is a rack with five shelves on which all the toiletries items are displayed. Floor cleaning detergents are kept on three upper shelves of the rack. Adequate space is provided for the floor cleaning detergents and they can be seen easily from both sides of the rack. Glass cleaning detergents are also put along with floor cleaning detergents. On the topmost shelf, DOWSIL which is the in house brand of reliance chemicals is putted. The store is promoting DOWSIL because the profit margin is high as compared to other brands as it is a product of reliance chemicals. And they are giving a complementary floor cleaning brush with DOWSIL in order to attract larger number of customers. It is priced lower than other brands available. BRANDS I saw six floor cleaning detergent brands that were available. They are: LIZOL DOMEX CIF Easy off bang Mr Muscle DOWSIL perfumed floor cleaner(phenyl) COMPANY FLOOR CLEANERS VARIANT QUANTITY AMOUNT (Rupees) RECKITT BENCKISER LIZOL BLUE 975ML 99.00 BLUE 500ML 52.00 PINK FRAGRANCE 500ML 54.00 LEMON EXPLOSION 500ML 54.00 BEACHPOWDER (LIQUID) 500ML 50.00 HINDUSTAN UNILEVER CIF 500ML 78.00 250 ML 53.00 120ML 27.00 HINDUSTAN UNILEVER DOMEX WHITE 500ML 54.00 WHITE 1 LTR 108.00 HINDUSTAN UNILEVER DOMEX 2IN 1 BLACK 500ML 50.00 SC JOHNSON MR. MUSCLE (floor cleaner) 500ML 50.00 RECKITT BENCKISER EASY OF BANG 400ML 65.00 RELIANCE CHEMICALS DOWSIL PERFUMED 1LTR 66 2LTR 149 3LTR 250 I asked consumers some questions such as How do you choose your floor cleaning detergent? Do you go by advertisement, if yes what are the features that attract you the most? This helped me to come to these inferences: People go by experimental ads i.e. the ads which actually show how their product is different from others and the offers that they are getting such as buy 2 and get 1 free. Price, packaging and product quality matters for them but they dont know much about the ingredients. Here the demand of floor cleaners goes on increasing with the cost, packaging changes and the attractiveness of the advertisement. In my observation I can say that the floor cleaning detergent market is an oligopoly market structure because there are only 6-7 main players present in the market while considered individually. Entry is relatively easy but each brand is a different product in itself, hence even though firms are competing with each other each one is a monopoly by itself. ECONOMIC CONCEPTS BASED ON OBSERVATION Price and non-price competition All the brands compete with each other. The competition is price and non-price depending upon the elasticity. The brands mainly compete with brand differentiation. The different brands fight with packaging, new innovation and advertisements. So here we can say the floor cleaning market is having mainly non price competition as the prices are relatively same. On the other hand, local in-house brands are competing on price; they are placing themselves relatively cheaper than others in order to increase their sales The competition here determines the place and position of the firm which is named as producer. Elasticity of demand The demand in floor cleaning detergents market is more elastic i.e. if one brand increases its price, demand for other brand increases as it is consumers behaviour to shift to substitutes when price of a particular product increases. Packaging and product quality The market share depends upon the amount of work the firm puts on in differentiating its product from the other ones. For example when seen the differentiation LIZOL and DOMEX are coming in many variants which gives consumers a wide choice of variants according to their need. They are focusing more on packaging and product quality. This helps in increasing the demand of a particular brand. So we can say that here DOMEX has created its monopoly in the market till the time another firm gets into this very idea i.e. responds to it with its product with some new innovation in this segment of the consumer to challenge its monopoly When this happens the players in the market get into competition again introducing new product with some new difference. Pricing strategy Big brands such as DOMEX and LIZOL are following price skimming policy as they are relatively charging high prices than other brands in order to skim the market. On the other hand, there are some local brands such as DOWSIL which are competing with other brands on price. They are following price penetration policy. As compared to other brands, these brands are relatively cheaper. CONCLUSION This floor cleaning detergents market actually is a good field to study the economic concepts like market structure, elasticity and competition, and cost factor. According to me, this segment of the market is catering to the high income consumers, there is non-price competition. Since here consumers are less-price sensitive and are affected by the advertisements or product development undertaken by the firm. Hence, we do not see much price competition in this segment. But there are some local players who are competing with other brands on the basis of price. Instead firms catering to this segment only try to price themselves as cheaply as possible to attract the maximum number of consumers. In this survey, I have tried my level best to touch up on the different economic aspects that are prevailing in the floor cleaning detergent market.

Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

The Revenge of Prince Hamlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shakespeare’s, Hamlet, is a wonderfully written play that has many tangled webs of lies, betrayal, and revenge. The play starts off with the death of Hamlets father, the king. One night Hamlet sees the ghost of his dead father. The ghost speaks to Hamlet and tells him that he was killed by Claudius. Claudius, who is Hamlets uncle, has recently become the new king and as well married Hamlets fathers wife, Gertrude. Prince Hamlet devotes himself to avenging his fathers death, but because he is contemplative and thoughtful by nature, his heart is not fully in the deed, and he delays, entering himself into a deep depression and strong apparent madness. Hamlets quest for revenge leads him on a long journey of deception and eventually his own death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet himself feels that he is slacking on his vengeance. He explains that â€Å"...all occasions do inform against [him] and spur [his] dull revenge.† (Act IV, Scene iii) There are many points in the book were Hamlet gets upset at himself because he isn’t applying himself to his quest for revenge. Hamlet must do what his father told him to do. His father says that if Hamlet ever loved him, he will â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.† (Scene I, Act v) He considers himself weak and says â€Å"My fathers brother, but no more like my father/ than I do Hercules.† (Act I. Scene ii)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eventually...